Dictionary Of Woodworking Terms
|
Adze
|
An axe type tool that has a curved handle that is mounted 90° to the blade. Adzes are used in rough dressing, shipbuilding and
wheelwrights' shops.
|
Auger
|
Twisted boring tool bit used for timbers, used in a brace augers range from 20 - 25" long and 1/2 - 2" in diameter.
|
Axe
|
Tool used for rough cutting and splitting, wooden handles range from 14 - 36". Most axes have a head that tapers from the heel to the
cutting edge.
|
Back iron
|
The covering iron that is attached to a plane chisel to minimize tearing out the grain, the closer to the cutting edge it is set the
sooner the shaving is broken off which results in a smoother finish.
|
Back-saw
|
Name applied to any saw that has reinforcing metal applied to the top of the blade to keep it straight.
|
Bandsaw
|
A machine that has a continuous blade that has teeth on one edge and travels across two or three wheels most bandsaws have a tilting
table for cutting bevels
|
Bayonet saw
|
A saber saw with a tapered toward the front blade that can be angled into the work, thus starting its own hole
|
Bead plane
|
A molding plane for cutting beading or a decorative edge
|
Belt sander
|
A sander that has a revolving continuous sanding belt that is passed over the work, the machine must be kept moving as the belt
will remove material quite quickly and if the machine is allowed to remain stationary, too much material will be removed
|
Bevel
|
An edge that is other than 90°
|
Bevel-edge chisel
|
A chisel with the blade beveled to help remove waste
|
Bevel,sliding
|
Tool with an adjustable blade for marking and checking angles
|
Biscuit jointer
|
Power tool that is used to cut slots into which biscuits or plates are placed for strengthening joints
|
Block plane
|
A small metal plane most have an adjustment for setting the depth of cut
|
Bow-saw
|
A frame type saw that has a tensioned metal blade the ends of the blade are secured to the handle on one end and a knob on
the other end which allows the blade to be turned for angle-cutting
|
Brace
|
Used for drilling or boring has a chuck for holding various sizes and shapes of drill bits
|
Buck saw
|
A wood frame saw that is used for rough cutting such as logs or timbers
|
Bull-nose plane
|
A small metal plane with a short nose which enables it to be worked close to corners some are equipped with noses that are
adjustable or detachable which enables the plane to work clear into the corner
|
Burr
|
A small hook like edge that is formed during sharpening. If on a plane cutter or chisel, it must be removed by stropping.
The burr is left on spokeshaves, some turning tools and cabinet scrapers
|
Cam clamps
|
Deep-throated clamps that pressure is applied to by rotating and locking a cam
|
Carver's burrs
|
Are attached to a motor driven flexible shaft and grind away the wood rather than carve it
|
Center punch
|
Tool used to mark the center or spot where a hole is be drilled it helps prevent the drill from moving as it starts to drill
|
Chatter
|
Planing term referring to the digging in action of a plane when the cutter is ground at too low an angle, by it being set at too
high a pitch, or by it not being bedded properly to the frog
|
Chuck
|
A device that holds a cutter or bit or in the case of a lathe, the work
|
Circular saw
|
Saw that has a spinning blade that is circular
|
Claw hammer
|
Hammer that has a hook or claw on one end for pulling nails and prying
|
Combination stone
|
Stone that is course on one side and fine on the other
|
Coping saw
|
Saw in which the blade is held under tension in a metal frame used for cutting thin wood and coping the backs of joints
(removing the back edge at an angle allowing one piece of wood to overlap another)
|
Corner bracket or brace
|
Term applied to any bracket or brace that is fitted to a corner for strengthening a joint or to holding the pieces in position
|
Countersink
|
Bit used to drill a recess to allow a screw head to seat flush or below the surface
|
Cross-cut saw
|
Saw used for cutting across the grain teeth are 5 - 8 points per inch
|
Cutting or marking gauge
|
Tool having a steel cutter and adjustable stop block can be used for marking out or actually cutting this stock
|
Dado
|
A slot or ledge cut into the stock
|
Dado head
|
An attachment used on a table or radial arm saw to cut slots of gooves. There are two styles of dado heads: wobble, which is
two blades with an offset cam in their center which causes one blade to wobble and thus make a wide kerf, stacked dados consist of two saw
blades with a variable number of cutters of varying thickness between them.
|
Handsaw
|
Accepted term for cross-cut, rip and panel saw
|
Hand screw
|
Clamp with two handles that can be turned independently to apply pressure to hold parts together
|
Hollow chisel
|
The chisel is hollow and an auger bit revolves in its center. As the auger enters the wood, pressure is applied to the chisel and
you basically drill a square hole
|
Hollow chisel morticer
|
A machine that uses the hollow chisel with its revolving auger bit to cut mortises
|
Irwin bit
|
An auger bit that has a single row of spirals
|
Jack plane
|
The first plane used in smoothing surfaces and edges. The blade is set deep to quickly remove stock
|
Jacobs chuck
|
Used in a lathe or drilling machine to hold the drills. It has three jaws that are self-centering
|
Jig
|
Any device that that acts as a guide for woodworking it allows the woodworker to do precise operations receptively
|
Jig saw
|
Bench or hand-held reciprocating saw for cutting intricate shapes
|
Jointer
|
Surface planer or edger wood is passed over revolving cutters to straighten and smooth the edges of boards prior to jointing
|
Kerf
|
The cut made by a saw
|
Keyhole saw
|
Bayonet saw with a spring straight tapered toward the front blade that is used for making keyholes and cutting sheetrock
|
Lever cap
|
Attached to a metal plane to hold the cutter
|
Low-angle plane
|
A plane with no back iron and the cutter is set to 12° used mainly for trimming end grain
|
Miter gauge
|
Devise used in slot of table saw, bandsaw, shaper, etc. it has an adjustable fence to hold the stock at a precise angle in
relationship to the cutter
|
Molding planes
|
A plane with a fence which rides the edge of a board different shaped cutters will cut a decorative edge into a board
|
Nail set
|
Small punch that is used to seat a nail the last 1/8" or so to keep the hammer head from striking and marring the surface of
the wood it can also be used to drive the head of the nail below the surface of the wood for filling
|
Orbital sander
|
A hand-held power sander that moves the grit in a small orbit as the machine is moved over the surface of the work. This
type sander leaves less scratches that a reciprocating sander
|
Paring chisel
|
Light duty chisel used for fine cutting work, not for striking with a mallet.
|
Parting tool
|
V-shaped tool used by carvers and turners come in various widths and angles of about 60, 90, and 110°
|
Rip saw
|
Hand or circular saw having chisel tooth teeth used for ripping boards with the grain
|
Router bits
|
Used in routers they are made in a wide variety of shapes and styles to cut the edge or surface of stock. Ones that are
carbide tipped will stay sharp longer and produce a smoother cut
|
Sander
|
Used for smoothing wood can be as simple as a block of wood to as complex and an industrial belt or drum sander that will sand
the width of a sheet of plywood in one pass
|
Scrapers cabinet
|
Thin sheets of steel that come in various shapes that are hand held and used for scraping and smoothing the surface of wood
|
Scrapers handled
|
Scraper blade that is secured in a handled cast-iron body the blade is given a slight bend by a thumbscrew the slight bow in the
blade keeps its corners from digging into the wood
|
Screw carver's
|
Small device used by carvers to hold their work onto the bench one end has a wood screw that is fastened into the wood, the other
end is passed through a hole in the bench
|
Smoothing planes
|
Bench plane that is used mainly for cleaning up after the jack plane has been used
|
Spokeshaves
|
Hand held device in which the adjustable cutter is held in place by screw fittings there is a screw that is turned to adjust the
depth of cut spokeshaves were originally used by wheelwrights and barrellmakers
|
Square
|
Tool used to check the squareness of boards and carcasses the combination square has a sliding head that is 90° on one side and
45° on the other
|
Straight-edge
|
Strip of wood or metal that is dead straight it is used to check the straightness of surfaces and also can be clamped to a
surface or board and used as a cutting guide
|
Table vise
|
Small metal engineer's vise that is intended to be fitted to the edge of a table
|
Tack rag
|
A piece of lint-free rag that has been coated with a solution that will remove sanding dust and other debree from a surface
prior to or between coats during finishing
|
Tail stock
|
The stock of a lathe that can be moved along the length of the bed to accept different lengths of stock
|
Tail vise
|
A vise that is fixed at the end of a bench. It has a stop in its housing and stop holes at intervals along the bench. Wood can
be gripped in any convenient location for working
|
Taper jig
|
A devise used on a saw for cutting tapers. It can be adjustable so that after one taper has been cut, it can be readjusted to cut
another taper on the same piece of stock
|
Tee-bar clamp
|
A clamp that has a bar or T-section
|
Tenon
|
The projecting end of a member that fits into a corresponding recess or mortise
|
Through dovetail
|
A joint in which both dovetails and pins go through the entire thickness of the stock and, therefore, the joint is exposed on
both sides of the corner
|
Tongue
|
A protruding member of the edge of the stock that fits into an adjoining groove that has been cut into another piece of stock
|
Tool post
|
A casting that is fitted to the lathe bed to which the tool rest is anchored
|
Tracking
|
Adjusting the top wheel on a bandsaw to keep the blade running centrally on the wheel and referring to the same operatin on
a belt sander to keep the sanding belt runnning straight on the drums
|
Try square
|
A tool used for marking and testing wood for squareness
|
Urea-formaldehyde resins
|
Thermal-setting synthetic resins which are made by condensing urea with formaldehyde. It can be cured quickly by applying heat and pressure
|
V block
|
A block having a v-shaped groove cut into its top edge to hold cylindrical work while it is being drilled or machined
|
Veneering
|
Covering a cheap, sound wood or built-up panel with a thin sheet of choice wood
|
Vix bit
|
A self-centering bit that is used to drill screw holes
|
Washita oilstone
|
A natural oilstone that is quarried in the United States that cuts at a medium rate and produces a fine edge
|
Wet-and-dry paper
|
Silicon carbide waterproof sandpaper commonly used for fine sanding between coats of finish
|